Fresh Water Supply

  UNIT 1 – Introduction & Approaches to Management 1. McKinsey 7-S Framework Developed by McKinsey consultants 7 key elements of an organization: Strategy Structure Systems Shared Values (core) Style Staff Skills Used for organizational analysis and change management 2. Henry Fayol (Administrative Theory) Father of Administrative Management 14 Principles of Management : Division of work Authority & responsibility Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interest Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure Initiative Esprit de corps 3. F.W. Taylor (Scientific Management) Father of Scientific Management Main principles: Science, not rule of thumb Harmony, not discord Cooperation, not individualism Development of workers Techniques: Time & motion study Differential wage system Functional ...

 Marketing management can be categorized into several types, depending on the focus and context. Some common types include: Strategic Marketing Management , which focuses on long-term planning, market analysis, and competitive positioning. Operational Marketing Management , which deals with the day-to-day execution of marketing campaigns, tactics, and activities. Digital Marketing Management , which emphasizes online channels, social media, and digital analytics. International Marketing Management , which involves adapting marketing strategies for different global markets and cultures. Service Marketing Management , which focuses on marketing intangible services rather than physical products. Marketing in an MBA context is essentially the study of how companies create, communicate, and deliver value to customers. It covers a wide range of topics like market research, consumer behavior, branding, digital marketing, and strategic planning. It’s all about understanding ...

  1. Mean, Median and Mode (with Standard Deviation) Mean: Mean is the arithmetic average of a set of observations. x ˉ = ∑ x n \bar{x}=\frac{\sum x}{n} x ˉ = n ∑ x ​ It is rigidly defined and based on all observations. Median: Median is the middle value when data are arranged in ascending or descending order. It divides the data into two equal parts. Mode: Mode is the value which occurs most frequently in the data. It is useful in finding the most common item. Standard Deviation: Standard deviation measures the dispersion of data from the mean. σ = ∑ ( x − x ˉ ) 2 n \sigma=\sqrt{\frac{\sum (x-\bar{x})^2}{n}} σ = n ∑ ( x − x ˉ ) 2 ​ ​ It shows the consistency and variability of data. 2. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation Karl Pearson’s coefficient measures the degree and direction of linear relationship between two variables. r = ∑ x y ∑ x 2 ∑ y 2 r=\frac{\sum xy}{\sqrt{\sum x^2 \sum y^2}} r = ∑ x 2 ∑ y 2 ​ ∑ x y ​ Properties: − 1 ≤ r ≤ + 1 -1 \le r \l...